Advertising and Memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertising and Memory - Essay Example This essay "Advertising and Memory" outlines how advertising affects our memory and creates "a false experience effect". A perfect example of how advertising makes use of this effect can be demonstrated using the Nestle advert. The Nestle advert picturing a family happily enjoying Nestle cookies while laughing on a beach or around a fire may make an individual think that the images are true. Additionally, these images may stick on one’s mind; thus, he or she may start picturing the events in the ad as real memories of his or her life. ‘False experience effect’, as well as how people perceive themselves and reality can have profound effects on their purchasing habits. This is because it gives one an impression that the images being displayed in the advert occurred, yet in the real sense; the experience never occurred. The impact of advertising is also influenced by implicit memory. This is a type of memory whereby previous memories assist in task performance without conscious awareness of such experiences. Implicit memory is important to advertisers because of various reasons. Implicit memory concerns itself with how people behave, and not what they recall. On the other hand, advertisers are interested in consumer behavior and not the manner in which advertisements are consciously remembered, because the customer behavior towards an ad will either result to an increase in sales or not. Advertisers have to reconsider the use of implicit memory while placing ads, for they determine the success of the advertising campaign.

Financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Financial management - Essay Example This is due to the credit extended in the first month of the operations. Moreover, the credit should equal to CBM has performed extremely well during the course of 9-months. Their cash collecting policy has worked well in generating enough cash for the following months. The cash collected has been incremental due to rising revenues. The company has low uncertainty in its revenue stream which locates them in a good position to finance their fixed assets requirement at appropriate time of the year. (Gitman, 2007) The minimum cash policy at the end of the month has served them well in making payments on time. On average they have surpassed their minimum cash requirement by a substantial margin which is a positive sign for any credit lending firm. The only month which has brought up concerns due to operational activities is April where the company had a cash deficit of $7,500. (Horngren, 2008) Other than April, the company has been in a cash deficit in June which was primarily because of investment in plant and income tax payment which totaled to $150,000. These expenses occur once or twice a year therefore; it is understandable to have a cash deficit for that month. Other than these abnormal payments, the company has fixed payments totaling to $60,000 which encompasses salaries, lease and miscellaneous costs (Brigham & Houston, 2009). Over the 9 months, they have been successful in making the fixed payments as well as the variable payments effectively. As a bank manager, I would like CBM to be my client for three reasons. Firstly, keeping in view their cash budget, the company has been experiencing growth in their revenues during the entire course. This creates positive sentiments about the company and one can project its prospective future. Moreover, growth in revenue could also indicate growing market share and increase in power over price. (Proctor, 2009) Secondly, their cash collection policy has been stringent. They have collected

Factors That Affect The Pricing Decision

Factors That Affect The Pricing Decision In Finland, Lukka and Granlund (1996) observed that product cost information had its greatest importance in pricing, tendering and cost reduction decisions. In Italy, Cescon (1999) noted the most important uses of product costs were in cost reduction, pricing, make-or-buy and investment decisions, and its least important role related to decisions about distribution channels. Based on the above quotations, the costs of the product, its inputs including the amount spent on product development, testing, and packaging required to be taken into account when a pricing decision is made. Therefore, product costs are very important to make a pricing decision. In Australia, Joye and Blayney (1990) found that product costs were of major importance in the pricing decisions of the majority of companies. Therefore, cost is a  major factor that will affect pricing decisions. Variances between actual and  budgeted cost are inherent in business. Actual cost may not correspond  with budgeted cost, thus, it is important to have a thorough planning on  how can these cost affect company profit. Profit planning must take into account expected changes in cost. An   increase in cost with no corresponding change in selling price will   greatly affect company profits. Thus, the ability of the enterprise to limit suppliers bargaining power as to control the price of raw materials and production will be greatly influence the pricing decision. A products cost can be classified as fixed or variable costs, according to whether the volume changes. quoted by Dominiak Louderback, 1997. Fixed cost is the cost that  remains the same regardless of the level of production or the level of sales such as property taxes, rent, advertising, insurance, and utilities. Moreover, variable cost is the cost that changes in a directly proportion to changes in production volume such as sales commission, packaging, labeling and shipping costs. In many manufacturing companies, labor costs remain constant over wide ranges of output, so managers can consider labor as a fixed cost for many short-term output decisions. In addition, most overhead costs change only when managers decide to restructure the company, so these costs do not change as output fluctuates from day to day. The only cost that definitely does go up and down with production is the material cost. Hence, the cost of material will increase especially when economic downturn and the price of product will increase eventually. In spite of all, the product cost information was significantly more important when used directly in decision making. This may be because product cost information may be regarded as being more important when it is actually being used in a decision rather than as a guide for possible future decisions. Product cost information may be significantly more important in continuous production process manufacturing than in discrete-part and assembly manufacturing for product mix, output level and product discontinuation decisions because continuous production processes lead to the production of many different products for which a variety of product related decisions will need to be made. DISTRIBUTION(PLACEMENT) Placement under marketing mix involves all company activities that make the product available to the targeted customer, quoted by Kotler and Armstrong, 2004. With this, the easier the targeted customers can get the product, the more success of your company in distributing product. Distribution is getting your product to the consumer. Once you know your market area and have safely processed and packaged your product, you have to place it where your customer can buy it. On a general note, while planning placement strategy under marketing mix analysis, companies consider six different channel decisions including choosing between direct access to customers or involving middlemen, choosing single or multiple channels of distributions, the length of the distribution channel, the types of intermediaries, the numbers of distributors, and which intermediary to use based on the quality and reputation, quoted by Proctor, 2000. Therefore, distribution is important because it affects sales, profits and competitiveness. It can contribute up to fifty percent of the final selling price of some goods. Without distribution even the best product or service will fails. Author Jean-Jacques Lambin believes that a marketer has two roles which are organizing exchange through distribution and organizing communication. Moreover, distribution can be classified by channels, coverage, locations, transportation, logistics and others aspects. Physical distribution or Place must integrate with the other Ps in the marketing mix such as price, product and promotion. For example, the design of product packaging must fit onto a pallet, into a truck and onto a shelf, prices are often determined by distribution channels, and the image of the channel must fit in with the suppliers required positioning. You can see how Coca Cola further integrate the timing of distribution and promotion in the Hall Of Fame later. In fact, they see distribution as one of their core competencies. In addition, geographical pricing is setting different prices for a customer in different parts of the world which is includes shipping costs. Therefore, there will be difference price on the same product in differences country. Although within a country, the same product will be charged to different prices, which may be caused by the urban or metropolitan area, income distribution and others factors. Apart from that, distribution strategy is influenced by the market structure, the firms objectives, its resources and its overall marketing strategy. All these factors are addressed in the section on selecting Distribution Channels. The first strategic decision is distribution intensity which include of intensive, selective and exclusive distribution. Intensive distribution aims to provide saturation coverage of the market by using all available outlets. For many products, total sales are directly linked to the number of outlets used such as cigarettes and beer. Intensive distribution is usually required where customers have a range of acceptable brands to choose from. In other words, if one brand is not available, a customer will simply choose another. The second one is selective distribution which involves a producer using a limited number of outlets in a geographical area to sell products. The producer can choose the most appropriate or best-performing outlets and focus effort on them. Selective distribution works best when consumers are prepared to shop around or they have a preference for a particular brand or price and will search out the outlets that supply. The last one is exclusive distribution which is an extreme form of selective distribution in which only one wholesaler, retailer or distributor is used in a specific geographical area. The next strategic decision clarifies the number of levels within a channel such as agents, distributors, wholesalers, retailers, franchisees, direct marketing and others. In some Japanese markets there are many intermediaries involved. In the marketing channel of distribution in Japan, especially in the retail sector, the number of retailers had been increasing from 1950s to the beginning of 1980s consistently. However, it has begun to decrease in the beginning of 1980s, explained by Hisao Fujimoto. Companies such as Ford, Ferrari, Toyota, and Nissan use specific dealers to make their products available, whereas companies such as Nestle involve a whole chain of wholesaler retailers to reach its customers. In conclusion, distribution is playing a big role in the pricing decision. The business communities should place the product efficiently and effectively, and set a reasonable price for selling. There is some advice for the consumer, that is consumer should shop for the best price as they can find regardless of how long the levels of distribution and how far the place of selling the product from you. ECONOMIC CONDITION Economic environment of the country is an important factor affecting the pricing decisions. Inflationary and deflationary conditions will also affect the pricing decision of a company. Inflation is a rise in the average price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. Money loses purchasing power during inflationary periods since each unit of currency buys progressively fewer goods. Consequently, inflation also reflects erosion in the purchasing power of money which is a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy. Therefore, a company should decrease the price of product when there is an inflation so the consumer will be afford to buy it. On 20 July 1993, Alan Greespan, chairperson of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, testified before a congressional committee. He said: The role of expectations in the inflation process is crucial. Even expectations not validated by economic fundamentals can themselves add appreciably to wage and price pressures for a considerable period, potentially derailing the economy from its growth path. However, deflation is a decrease in average price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. While lower prices may seem ideal from a consumers point of view at first, but deflation leads to rising of unemployment and falling in production, a situation from which it is extremely difficult to recover. Therefore, a company should charge a higher price on product when selling it so that it can be able to pay for salary of employees and covered the production cost. On the other hand, the prices are increased in boom period to cover the increasing cost of production and distribution. To meet the changing economic conditions, several pricing decisions are available such as price can be boosted to protect profit against rising costs, price protection system can be linked with the price on delivery to current costs and emphasis can be shifted from sales volume to profit margin and cost reduction. On March 16 alone, five days after the earthquake and tsunami and as the nations nuclear crisis was worsening, United States investors put $700 million into Japanese Exchange Traded Funds, according to the data from Trim Tabs, an investment research organization. That was twice the previous largest daily inflow on record, in 2003. After the earthquake, investors waited for two trading days before acting. But on Wednesday, March 16, after stocks in Tokyo fell by about 10 percent, investors in the United States responded by moving heavily into E.T.F.s. One reason may be that Japanese stocks still have far to go in their recovery. Though the Nikkei 225 index in Tokyo has bounced back from recent lows, it is still down 9.43 percent since before the earthquake.

Kachina/Katsina Doll :: essays research papers fc

We believe they (Kachina Dolls) are personifications of the katsina spirits, originally created by the katsinam in their physical embodiment. ..." - Alph H. Secakuku To understand the meaning of the kachina dolls, it is necessary to understand Hopi culture, because one does not exist without the other. It has been found that the Hopi's main ancestors were the Anasazi, a group of people who at about the time of Christ came to depend on agriculture. They represent various beings, from animals to clouds. They are believed to be in some form of hierarchy, a form of kingdom. Kachina dolls are depictions of masked men impersonating supernatural beings that predominate the Hopi, Zuni and Pueblo Spirit dances. These Spirits are believed to be descendants of a prehistoric people. They have lived in the Northern parts of New Mexico westward into Arizona near Flagstaff for some fifteen hundred years. To honor them they have many sacred dances throughout the year. The dolls which contain the kachina spirits are often given to children to remind them of their heritage and of their Gods. However, the Kachina Dolls are not just toys, but objects to be treasured and studied. Through these dolls they learn about Kachinas as part of their religious training and background. In Pueblo Indian religious practice, any of more than 500 divine ancestral spirits who act as intermediaries between man and god. They will allow themselves to be seen by the community if the men properly perform a traditional ritual while wearing kachina masks. The spirit painted or carved on the mask is thought to be actually present with the performer, temporarily transforming him into a Kachina spirit. The identity of the spirit is depicted not by the form of the doll, which is usually simple and flat, but primarily by the applied color and elaborate feather, leather, and, occasionally, fabric ornamentation of its mask. Also the identity of a true Kachina doll is depicted and then carved of cottonwood root. One of the purposes is to help bring the rain for the crops to grow and since the cottonwood is always found near water, the Kachinas are carved from it’s roots. The roots from which the dolls are carved are chosen with care, since they are seen to draw life and precious moisture from the earth. Very few dolls were carved out of a single piece of wood. The arms and legs and head were carved separately and glued to the torso.

Christine Taylor Succeed

How did Christine Taylor succeed in evolving the local dog-washing service she developed as a teenager into an international franchise business? Christine Taylor grew up as a child in a physical environment that allowed her to succeed. She worked in a bait and tackle business that was owned by her parents in which the only thing acceptable was hard work. This environment allowed her to study hard in school and create a drive within her to succeed. Through her studies and research, you decided that she wanted her business model to be a franchise with Aussie Pooch Mobile.Christine felt that this will be the best way to grow and expand her business. She also knew that there is a market for her mobile dog wash business but it required bringing on the right people (franchisees), with a good business model that was low in fees and the processes & training offered by APM. She also believed that focused in a niche business and a great promotional strategy will allow Aussie Pooch Mobile to at tract customers as well as new franchisees. Her use of designing the trailers to be a moving billboard will give her great word of mouth advertising.The process and design of her business will enable franchisees to deliver both quality & efficient dog washing service. In planning for future expansion, what strategy should Christine Taylor adopt for APM and why? Australia is a large territory that will have pockets in which the population is very dense. Christine Taylor’s Aussie Pooch Mobile concept will only succeed in geographical areas that are highly populated and modernized. In order for her franchisees to have utilities hook up for water & electricity, she realizes that she must expand to suburban type landscapes.Being in a populated area, this will allow word of mouth advertising that will foster new and repeat customers. Having the potential to make money will attract and recruit new franchisees to buy into APM’s concept. In looking at the charts provided, there is a lot of opportunity for APM to grow and expand successfully. However, they will need to move quickly because there are 19 other companies that offer comparable services that may seize the opportunity of growth first. Christine should first target the two larger populated areas than Queensland which will be New South Wales & Victoria.

Final Report

Submitted to CHITKARA BUSINESS SCHOOLIn partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree ofBachelor of Commerce 2015-2018 Submitted by: Supervised by:Sanchit Grover Dr. Rashmi Aggarwal 1520991298 Professor CHITKARA BUSINESS SCHOOL CHITKARA UNIVERSITY2018 CERTIFICATE OF INTERNSHIP COMPLETION CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the major project which is presented in this report entitled â€Å"EMPLOYMENT RETENTION AND MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES † † submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the BCOM FINAL YEAR to the Chitkara University, Punjab Campus is an authentic record of my own work carried out at Chitkara University, Punjab Campus. The material embodied in this project work has not been submitted to any other university or institution for the award of any degree. SANCHIT GROVER 1520991298 AcknowledgementIn performing my project, I have taken the help and guideline of some respected Persons, who deserve our greatest gratitude. The completion of this project gives us much pleasure. I would like to show my gratitude to Professor Dr. Rashmi Aggarwal for giving guidelines for project throughout numerous consultations. I would also like to expand my deepest gratitude to all those who have directly and indirectly guided me in writing this assignment. I extend my gratitude to my managing director Mr. Rajesh Kumar , my Head Mr. Dushyant Yadav and all my colleagues, friends for their support, guidance and assistance for ongoing industrial training and for preparing the project report. I thank all the people for their help directly and indirectly to complete my assignment. Sanchit Grover1520991298Executive summaryI did my internship in RCMICCI, Chandigarh. In today's competitive world NGO have become more and more popular. In this organization I worked under the Managing Director, Mr. Rajesh Kumar.. Non-governmental organizations,  nongovernmental  organizations, or  nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as  NGOs, are usually  nonprofit  and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments)  that are active in humanitarian, educational, healthcare, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives. They are thus a subgroup of all organizations founded by citizens, which include clubs and other  associations  that provide services, benefits, and premises only to members. Sometimes the term is used as a synonym of â€Å"civil society organization† to refer to any association founded by citizens,  but this is not how the term is normally used in the media or  everyday language, as recorded by major dictionaries. The explanation of the term by NGO.org (the non-governmental organizations associated with the United Nations) is ambivalent. It first says an NGO is  any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on a local, national or international level, but then goes on to restrict the meaning in the sense used by most English speakers and the media:  Task-oriented and driven by people with a common interest, NGOs perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions, bring citizen concerns to Governments, advocate and monitor policies and encourage political participation through provision of information. CHAPTER- 1 Introductory ChapterEmployment Retention Employment Retention is basically the ability of an organization to retain the employees. It is possible to present employment retention through statistics. Consideration is employment retention is related to the efforts of employers in retaining the employees in their workforce.   Retention becomes the strategies rather than the outcome There should be a distinction between the top performers and low performing employees and the efforts to retain the employees should be targeted as valuable. Employee turnover  is a symptom of deeper issues that have not been resolved, which may include low  employee morale, absence of a clear career path, lack of recognition, poor employee-manager relationships or many other issues. A lack of satisfaction and commitment to the organization can also cause an employee to withdraw and begin looking for other opportunities. Learning from study: Retention and motivation strategies help organizations to attain organizational efficiency on one hand by increasing the productivity and profitability while on the other hand it satisfies the individual's needs of employees by reducing stress, job insecurity and increasing loyalty and commitment and job satisfaction. Motivation and retention are considered as valued tool for organizational performance and achieving quality of work life. In the present era of competition and globalization there is a need to pay attention towards the employees motivation and retention in order to achieve growth and success and developing such a work environment where employees enjoy their work and give their best. Introduction to my workplace:Company Name is ‘RCMICCI', RCMICCI, was registered with the Registrar of Societies, Under Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860 Under No. 55/63 of 2006, in New Delhi. The association brings together all the exhibition organizers, managers, designers ; stand contractors, freight forwarders, services ; facilities providers, venue owners etc. so that there is a common platform for them.. Sub category is Indian Non- Government Organization. Primary location is Delhi. Main language of this organization is English. Registered address of this company is Plot no. 316, Park View Plaza,   Ajmal Khan Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005, India . RCMICCI is a proactive and dynamic multi-state apex organization working at the grass-root level and with strong national and international linkages. The Chamber acts as a catalyst in the promotion of industry, trade and entrepreneurship. RCMICCI, through its research-based policy advocacy role, positively impacts the economic growth and development of the nation.RCMICCI is more than an organization of the business community, as it lives by the chosen motto ‘In Community's Life ; Part of It' and contributes significantly to socio-economic development and capacity building in several fields. Besides the trade promotion and business development RCMICCI is committed to the upliftment of its members through various methods RCMICCI (Reserve Category & Minority Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry).We are an organization working for the growth of business to the Reserve Category and Minority based MSME industries and large scale industries wide organizing the regular interactive sessions with the sectors giants like Buyer Seller meet, Trade Fairs, Seminars, Etc.Project Undertaken The topic undertaken by me for research and project is Employment retention and motivational strategies. Employment Retention is basically the ability of an organization to retain the employees. It is possible to present employment retention through statistics. Consideration is employment retention is related to the efforts of employers in retaining the employees in their workforce.   Retention becomes the strategies rather than the outcome There should be a distinction between the top performers and low performing employees and the efforts to retain the employees should be targeted as valuable. Here, motivation plays the most important role as employees needs motivation to complete their tasks, may it be monetary or non monetary. Considering the case of NGO, where I've done my internship from, is an exclusive voluntary group of individuals operated not for profit or any commercial purpose, but to serve the general public and also enhance the industrial activities in different measure. India having huge unemployment rate makes the situation worse, this NGO helps the needy as much as possible. In the current scenario low income and job security are the biggest problems. Therefore, there is a pressure of NGOs in such areas with aiming to address the social challenges faced by that region. The NGOs engage staff to complete their agenda within their lifetime. 2.1) Introduction to Corporate2.1.1) Historical Background: Company Name is ‘RCMICCI', RCMICCI, was registered with the Registrar of Societies, Under Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860 Under No. 55/63 of 2006, in New Delhi. The association brings together all the exhibition organizers, managers, designers & stand contractors, freight forwarders, services & facilities providers, venue owners etc. so that there is a common platform for them.. Sub category is Indian Non- Government Organization. Primary location is Delhi. Main language of this organization is English. Registered address of this company is Plot no. 316, Park View Plaza,   Ajmal Khan Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005, India . RCMICCI is a proactive and dynamic multi-state apex organization working at the grass-root level and with strong national and international linkages. The Chamber acts as a catalyst in the promotion of industry, trade and entrepreneurship. RCMICCI, through its research-based policy advocacy role, positively impacts the economic growth and development of the nation. RCMICCI is more than an organization of the business community, as it lives by the chosen motto ‘In Community's Life & Part of It' and contributes significantly to socio-economic development and capacity building in several fields. Besides the trade promotion and business development RCMICCI is committed to the upliftment of its members through various methods RCMICCI (Reserve Category ; Minority Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry).We are an organization working for the growth of business to the Reserve Category and Minority based MSME industries and large scale industries wide organizing the regular interactive sessions with the sectors giants like Buyer Seller meet, Trade Fairs, Seminars, Etc.2.1.2) Mission: In order to provide marketing opportunities to MSMEs within the country, certain theme based exhibitions / technology fairs etc.   organized by RCMICCI, focused on products and services offered by MSMEs specially for all reserve category and minority section of our society which   include technologies suitable for employment generation, products from specific regions or clusters (like   Food processing, Machine-tools, Electronics, Leather etc). Micro, Small ; Medium Enterprises would be provided space at concessional rates to exhibit their products and services in such exhibitions/fairs. Apart from above RCMICCI   also facilitates participation of MSMEs in the exhibitions / trade fairs / events being organized in various State   all over the country to exhibit their products and services. These exhibitions may be organized in consultation with the concerned stakeholders and industry associations etc. The calendar for these events may be finalized well in advance and publicized widely amongst all members. The calendar of events would also be displayed on the Web-site of RCMICCI. Participation in such events is expected to help the MSMEs in enhancing their marketing avenues by way of capturing new markets and expanding existing markets. This would also help them in becoming ancillaries, partners in joint ventures and sub-contracting for large companies. We provides strategies for expanding business , by organizing specialized business events and simultaneously working with the Government by providing policy suggestions which are essentially based on inputs collated from research and industry .2.1.3) Vision: We've seen children who have the potential to achieve alot in their life, but they lack achieving it because of lack of finance and resources. Many women capable of touching the skies are unable to attain their goals.our vision is to contribute the maximum of what we earn towards the education of all those poor students who are unable to spend on their education. We promote every small thing that would further contribute to the welfare of the nation as well as the citizens. Small startups by various households are being more and more encouraged. Further how can we forget the women empowerment. We encourage more and more women entrepreneurship so as to make the women of now with the best potential and who are capable of being independent of all. 2.1.4) Industry profile:RCMICCI being a national body representing all segments of the exhibition industry comprising of organizers, venue owners, and service providers like stand construction companies, logistics, etc; the vision and mission of IEIA, besides driving the association, is to promote Indian exhibitions and trade fairs as a cost effective marketing medium nationally and internationally. In the increasing digital age, Exhibitions are the only media where buyers, sellers and products physically come together and thus become a potent force for business. Exhibitions are one of the most effective media for establishing and maintaining customer relations. Exhibitions become a success only if it is planned and organized properly by taking into account the position of the stalls and the total ambience of the hall etc.2.2) Name and location of group company:Company Name is ‘RCMICCI', RCMICCI, was registered with the Registrar of Societies, Under Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860 Under No. 55/63 of 2006, in New DelhiSub category is Indian Non- Government Organization. Primary location is Delhi. Main language of this organization is English. Registered address of this company is Plot no. 316, Park View Plaza,   Ajmal Khan Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005, India .2.3) Services'RCMICCI' organises trade fairs and being a non profit organisation, serves the society well by promoting women entrepreneurship , contributes to the education of those kids whose families cannot afford it or the ones without a family and also promotes startups which encourages the ones who have good plans and are willing to do something of their own.2.4) Department of work in Organisation: I worked with event manager Mr. Dushyant Yadav .He guided me very nicely and properly. In the organization where I am doing my internship is that I am learning the overall management that includes client relation, time management and at last man power management. Commitment, leadership and mental and physical devotion are the core factors needed to manage any type of event. Irrespective of the type or the scale of the event, the mental and physical hard work that is to be put in, differs only by a negligible degree of difference. There are innumerable activities that have to be carried out. First of all forming committees, then allocating different jobs to each committee is the very first step. Here all the theoretical concepts learnt up till now in subjects like public relations, human resource planning, logistics, human skills, controlling, accounts, organizing, and others come into actual use. As an event manager one must have a lot of flexibility in terms of working pattern. Be free to do all sorts of jobs irrespective of your position.2.4.2- Roles Assigned – The roles assigned to me were: The duty assigned to me was to arrange more and more sponsors for the exhibition and further I was delegated to handle and manage the entire finance of the event so organized. There were various sponsors who showed a lot of interest to be a part of our exhibition and were attracted by the motive of organizing such events. Some of the sponsors that joined us were: Jio LIC Mewara University Maya Garden Magnesia Radio Mirchi Dainik Bhaskar Ajit2.5) LessonWorking under RCMICCI was a great experience and moreover got a lot more to learn in the practical sense. The works assigned to me helped a lot in gaining various skills relating to event management. As I was asked to approach the sponsors , this task helped me a lot in enhancing my client relations skill. As it helped me how to deal with different sorts of people differently and influencing them with your words. Secondly, I got to develop my marketing skills as well as the management skills. I was also assigned the task of handling the finance which eventually helped in developing the skills.Being an NGO RCMICCI donates it earnings and profits towards the encouragement of education among the poor sector. Which too taught me about working selflessly for the society and the welfare of those who cannot afford the essentialities of one's life. 2.5.2) Lessons/experience learnt including skills obtained Communication Skills: Interaction with senior staff members and distinct customers helped me to boost up my communication skills. Teamwork Skills: People in the workplace perform  teamwork  when workers combine their individual skills in pursuit of a goal. Interpersonal Skills: Interpersonal skills  are the tools people use to interact and communicate with individuals in an organizational environment. Problem-solving Skills: I benefited from having good problem solving skills as we all encounter problems on a daily basis, some of these problems are obviously more severe or complex than others. Organizational Skills: Organizational skills in the workplace include general organizing, planning, and time management, scheduling, coordinating resources and meeting deadlines. PRE-PLACEMENT OFFER OR AWARD OF RECOGNITION Being an NGO that organizes events time to time, they don't hire an employee on an regular basis. Whenever an event such as trade fairs , exhibitions etc. are organized they do call their best representatives for helping them out and for that work I've been strongly recommended. Also along with my internship certificate they've rated me excellent for that purpose.

Liberal Studies Writing Task- School drug testing in Hong Kong

Liberal Studies Writing Task- School drug testing in Hong Kong Free Online Research Papers Liberal Studies Writing Task- School drug testing ‘Public opinion concerning the implementation of the school drug testing scheme was ignored by the HKSAR Government.’ To what extent do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer with the aid of three examples. With less than a month to go before the commencement of the Trial Scheme on School Drug Testing in Tai Po, important issues concerning implementation of the program such as invasion of privacy still remain unresolved. Despite this and the objection of some citizens, the government still decides to go ahead with the scheme. In this way, the public opinion was thought to be ignored by the government. However, someone thinks that the government has already made some amendments in response to the public. To be frank, I partly agree with the statement of the question. First of all, the government has been lessening the legal force of constraint in order to reduce the resistance of implementing the scheme. The government has promised that the police will not involved and the students who are tested positive will not be charged. In addition, the letter of consent has to be signed by both the student and his parent. Furthermore, the students can feel free to withdraw from the scheme. All these are the amendments made by the government in response to the demand of public. Therefore, the government can be considered to have deliberated the public opinions. Next, a hundred of students joined the demonstration to show their discontentment with the scheme. When they arrived the government headquarter, the security guards refused to open the gate to let them in and submit the petition. In this case, I think that the government officials should at least have accepted the petition to show their concern. Otherwise, the government would be thought to have ignored the public opinion. Thirdly, more than fifty briefing sessions of the drug testing scheme have been held in the Tai Po schools. The government said that what they had gained was positive feedback where negative feedback only took up a small part. During those sessions, the students and parents were free to express their opinions and interact with the government officials directly. Thus, the government officials can listen to the public opinion and make the scheme as ideal as possible. To sum up, I partly agree with the statement because of the amendments made to the scheme, the demonstration and the briefing sessions. After all, I do hope the number of drug abusers in Hong Kong will reduce gradually. Research Papers on Liberal Studies Writing Task- School drug testing in Hong KongStandardized TestingMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

To What Degree was Reconstruction after the Civil War successful essays

To What Degree was Reconstruction after the Civil War successful essays Reconstruction was successful politically in its attempts to solve the problems of how to deal with the newly freed slaves and how to bring the seceded states back into the Union after the Civil War; however, many of these methods were unsuccessful or had no effect socially or economically. Some solutions determined by Reconstruction included: the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments; the Freedmens Bureau; the Reconstruction Act of 1837, the Civil Rights Act, and the Enforcement Act of 1870. In 1865, Congress ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which stated that Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States. Simply put, the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. The passage of this amendment was successful politically; however, many states did not readily enforce this law. Many even passed discriminatory laws known as black codes. These laws were seen by Republicans as the driving vehicle for the reconstitution of the Democratic Party in the South. The black codes placed numerous restrictions on African-Americans including the prohibition of blacks to carry weapons, serve on juries, testify against whites, marry whites, start their own businesses, and travel without permits. The Thirteenth Amendment allowed for the freedom of African-Americans, but they were far from equal. However, with the help of the Freedmens Bureau, former slaves began to slowly pull themselves back up. The Freedmens Bureau was created by Congress just before the war to aid refugees, freedmen, and Southerners who had been uprooted by the Civil War by furnishing supplies and medical services, establishing schools, distributing clothing, and much more. Although the Freedmens Bureau lasted only a short time, it did succeed in establishing and assisting numerous educational i...

Writing Contest with Cash Prizes

Writing Contest with Cash Prizes ATTENTION ALL WRITERS! Summer has arrived, and this means our essay writing contest is now open for your submissions! The contest is international, so participants from any country are welcome! Visit the contest page for all the guidelines and submission details. Deadline August 1, 2014. Selected winner and runners-up will be announced on August 4, 2014. Win Cash Prizes $250 for the winner $100 for the first runner up $100 for the second runner up Spread the word about the contest to your friend authors who may be interested. We look forward to reading your submissions. Best of luck and happy writing!

Global Challenges Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Global Challenges - Research Paper Example Migrants into urban centers believe that there are many job opportunities in the urban centers hence necessitating the need for migration into towns to look for jobs (UN-Habitat, 2008). Secondly, there is a rapid increase in the demand for housing, basic infrastructure and social services. Infrastructures in this case include, water, electricity and sewerage systems. The rapid population increases in slums have resulted to a hindrance in delivering the services in those areas (Sexton, 1979; Levy, 2011). Thirdly, cities are faced with scarcity of food and world energy. The scarcity of food is because of the declining weather conditions affected by the climatic changes in the world. For instance, deforestation in many third world countries have caused decreased levels of rainfall which most farmers rely on for farming in order to supply the cities with food (Levy, 2011). In the near future, the US will face challenges that are different from other countries. Such challenges include how to address the problems resulting declining population growth and aging population, which have resulted to shrinking cities and deterioration in buildings and infrastructure (Levy, 2011). The second challenge will be how to address problems of urban sprawl and preservation of inner city heritage buildings. This arises from the growing demands of housing and facilities due to an emerging wealthy class and from international investors (UN-Habitat,

Causes and effects related to the success of the phenomenon of video Essay

Causes and effects related to the success of the phenomenon of video games - Essay Example Cause 1 During the course of this discussion we would specifically be looking at the different causes and effects that have contributed to the success of proliferating this culture. A major cause for the expansion of the video game industry in recent times has been the ever mushrooming entertainment industry of US in particular. With the passage of time as the entire entertainment market of the country has undergone diversification novel frontiers have been explored for launching and marketing a product. For the fulfillment of this purpose the gaming industry has proved to be the economic backbone. Fiction based movies that are based on comic book or mythical characters such as Batman, Spiderman, Harry Potter or Hercules before their release launch their video games in order to ensure that the gain accessibility to address the needs and requirements of every market segment. Since children in any form play the most proactive role of determining the success or failure of a product it i s important that their needs are addressed accordingly. (Flew. 113) Effect A concomitant effect of this has been observed in the development of extremely violent behavioral attitudes among children. Many of these games that are based on comic books characters contain intense violent and brutal ways of killing enemies as a result of which they have an overwhelmingly profound effect on the behavioral development of children. In addition to this many of these games also contain highly vituperative and inflammatory language which after developing a habit if playing these games children inherits with utmost ease. Another effect of the video game culture that is also important to mention in this context is that by getting addicted to this culture many people begin to believe in the existence of a fantasized world comprising of all these superheroes none of which exist in reality. Hence video games can also be accused for presenting fantasy in such a realistic way that is becomes more real istic than reality itself. Cause 2 The global gaming industry which is handled primarily by the technological kingpins of United States is also overwhelmingly influenced by the political operations and military affairs that are taking place in the country. We are all well aware about the military turbulence that the United States is currently going through. This is simultaneously reflected and projected in the content and storyline of the games that are prepared by the gaming industry. Many of the games such as Call of Duty, Delta Force and Medal of Honor are based on war missions many of which are based in either Afghanistan, Iraq or in any different country of the world. Even though on a technological scale these games are simply flawless, but they do develop and impose their effects on the members of a society in rather subtle ways. Effect One of such effect has been in the form of developing and incorporating stereotypes in the minds of their people regarding different nations a nd their civilians respectively. For instance, there remains less discussion about the fact that the West has long portrayed Arabs either in the role of nomads or greedy oil sheiks. Similarly, the women belonging to these countries have been characterized either as belly dancers or people who are continuously subdued or oppressed by their husbands. This kind of projection has further cemented in the minds of American people with the

Animal Agriculture in Ukraine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Animal Agriculture in Ukraine - Essay Example Since independence, Ukraine’s animal agricultural policy seeks to address key issues such as; food security, the development of rural areas and international competitiveness with the poultry, beef and pig sectors being the most protected. Poultry farming, pig farming, Animal Feed production, Cattle farming and Bio Energy production constitute the key animal agricultural sectors in Ukraine. The country’s agricultural sector remains a key economic determinant; although the sector’s total output collapsed by 40% between the years 1990 and 2010, (USUBC, 2008). The period also saw the reallocation of resources as a result of comparative advantage with the share of grains in production growing at the expense of livestock. Statistics indicate that, between the years 1990 and 2008, livestock output suffered extensively with the production falling by 50% compared to only 25% for grain production, (USUBC, 2008). It is further predicted that the sector will further contract by 18% in the projection period from 2010 to 2018. Besides, the country’s Foreign Direct investment in Animal agriculture continues to lag behind other countries as a result of its structure and regulatory framework. It is estimated that FDI in animal agriculture fell from over 21% in 1990 to just 5% in 2002. Generally, an estimated 13% of Ukraine’s total land area constitutes permanent pasture land. A 2001 statistic indicate that there were 9.4 million head of cattle, 963,000 sheep, 7.6 million pigs, 912,000 goats, 20 million ducks and 103 million chickens,(OECD 2004). Poultry numbers increased by 9% between the years 2004 and 2006 while the number of pigs 25%. However, the number of cattle decreased by 11% within the same period. Turkeys, goats, Horses, rabbits and ducks are also bred and raised in the country, (USUBC, 2008). Meat production is a key component of the country’s animal agricultural sector with a 2001 statistic indicating that 646,000, 591,000 and 239,000 tons of beef, pork and poultry meat respectively were produced within the year much less than the 1, 986,000, 1, 576,000 and 239,000 tons of the same products in 1990. Milk and egg production are also key segments within Ukraine’s animal agricultural sector. In 2001, milk and egg production totaled t o 13.4 million and 546,000 tons respectively, (USUBC, 2008). In addition to animal rearing, Animal food production is also a key component of the country’s animal agriculture. Most feed production is for poultry estimated at 2.2 million tones in 2006 while pig and cattle feeds accounted for 850 and 650 tones respectively,(OECD 2004). Animal food production is however highly centralized, with an estimated 30 companies producing half of all feed. Furthermore, the country’s largest producers manufacture nearly all major types of feeds although the tendency to produce feeds for personal needs by farmers has also increased. This has can be attributed to the desire to save cost and to practice contemporary animal breeding techniques within their own farms,(OECD 2004). Changing Trend Although Ukraine has done considerably well in the animal agricultural sector, its full potential is yet to be realized. In beef farming for example, the cattle heard in 2009 was found to be almo st 88% below that of independence in 1991. Beef remains the largest meat sector with 900, 000 tones production in 2008. This is followed by pig meat and Poultry meat at 700,000 and 30, 000 tones

Does Induce Therapeutic Hypothermia Impact Neurologic Function And Research Paper

Does Induce Therapeutic Hypothermia Impact Neurologic Function And Improve Patients Out - Research Paper Example The results can be used to guide and advice nurses to consider hypothermia to patients unable to follow verbal commands following spontaneous circulation. The study recommends that patients suffering from cardiac-arrest should be transported suing facilities that can offer therapeutic hypothermia together with advanced neurologic monitoring, coronary reperfusion and standardized care. Why is this topic important in the field of nursing Nurses have been identified as to play a significant role in detecting, preventing and treating adverse complications and effects of therapeutic hypothermia. With the information provided in this paper, the nurses will be better placed to deal with most of the adverse effects in intensive-care settings. In normal settings, care for patients under therapeutic hypothermia may require intensive massive following its complexity thus the information provided by this paper may be relevant in guiding nurses as they provide such services. The reduction in morb idity and mortality and the improvement of neurologic outcomes is mostly caused by Therapeutic hypothermia. More so the condition has also several effects on the outcome of a cardiac arrest survivor. New mechanism to analyze the impact of therapeutic hypothermia when it is used to treat patients with neurologic prognosis is reviewed in this paper. In the standard therapeutic hypothermia protocol the patients are subjected to cooling for about 24 hrs to a specific temperature of 33 and it ranges from 32-34 while applying the catheter-based cooling or the surface -based method. In the cooling process the patients are treated with agents like benzodiazepines, opioids ,propofol or even a combination of the... This study adds up to the many other studies that have been conducted on the role played by hypothermia in dealing with neurologic conditions and has been used in updating cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines and its findings used as recommendations for hypothermia in neurologic conditions especially patients suffering from cardiac arrest and don’t regain consciousness. The findings can also be used in the implementation of therapeutic hypothermia in patients suffering from pulseless electrical activity, asystole and in house cardiac arrest cases. The results can be used to guide and advice nurses to consider hypothermia to patients unable to follow verbal commands following spontaneous circulation. The study recommends that patients suffering from cardiac-arrest should be transported suing facilities that can offer therapeutic hypothermia together with advanced neurologic monitoring, coronary reperfusion and standardized care. This paper have demonstrated that therapeutic hypothermia mitigates brain damage following cardiac arrest. The exact mechanism to go about it is not yet clear but different approaches have been used like cerebral oxygen consumption reduction as well as multifactorial physical and chemical mechanisms, destructive enzymatic retardation, free-radical reactions suppression, intracellular acidosis reduction and biosynthesis inhibition. This study has proved that patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia following neurologic conditions have improved neurologic outcome without any side effects in comparison with the results of historical controls.

What does organizing mean Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What does organizing mean - Case Study Example The focus is on division, coordination, and control of tasks and the flow of information within the organization" (Erven 1994). Organizing allows the company to manage its resources and introduce effective management practices. Organizing function of management has a great impact on HRM (human resources management) and employee relations. Training is one of the tools used by Body Shop to improve skills and knowledge of employees. Body Shop proposes its employees eternal short courses, and further professional study in order to meet changing conditions and technological innovations. It motivates employees to pursue further education which helps employees to identify their career opportunities and goals. This training and learning is aimed at providing a blend of technical competence, social and human skills, and conceptual ability. This form of training is time and cost consuming. Following Hetman (1992), "managers must foster a culture of change in their departments. They must develop an environment in which workers expect but can cope with frequent and gradual changes in the way things get done and what is expected" (70). Body Shop organize its activities in order create a positive climate and corporate cu lture. Organizing function of management deals with delegation of authority and division of labor. In considering the limits of authority, an obvious limitation is that action conforms with the policies and programs of the company. In many cases, specific limitations are made (e.g. not to take on more staff without the approval of a superior). The reason why a subordinate accepts a superior's decision has been considered by many authorities. One line of thought is that there is an 'area of acceptance' wherein the subordinate is willing to accept the superior's instructions. In Body Shop, the main purpose of delegation is organize labor and introduce effective HR management. One employee cannot exercise all authority in making decisions as the company grows (Foss and Pedersen 2004). There is a limit to the number of persons that a manager can personally supervise. After this limit, the manager delegates authority to subordinates to make decisions. The work is delegated and the superior holds the subordinate accountable. The subordinate is responsible for doing the job; it is the superior's responsibility to see the job is done. "Delegation frees the manager from the tyranny of urgency. Delegation frees the manager to use his or her time on high priority activities" (Erven 1994). In Body Shop, it is upon this discretionary content that people feel the weight of responsibility and this is deemed measurable by finding the maximum period during which a person is relied upon to use his own judgment. The term 'time-span of discretion' therefore refers to the longest period that can pass before a superior makes an effective check on a person's work. Body Shop uses centralization and departmentalization of activities in order to provide effective management of HR. Body Shop groups in each organizational unit activities having a common purpose: sales department, accounting department, HR department, etc. The whole process is controlled by the problems that present themselves and the way the persons involved react to those problems, their value systems and their skills (Foss and Pedersen 2004). Because the concrete problems cannot be anticipated in any detail, and because they would in any event not present

Business communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Business communication - Essay Example Under the integrating conflict resolution method, the negotiator applies the cultural diversity of the two parties, by selecting the strength that is presented by each culture, and then integrates the strengths to form a formidable neutral ground, that suits the cultural diversity of the different groups (Kelman, 102). Therefore, considering that Prasan is an Indian with a strong preference for making impression, while Andreas is a Swedish with a strong preference for accuracy in information communication and delivery, the two cultural aspects can be blended, to form a single concept that incorporates the strengths. Thus, in combining the two strengths, the US trainer will negotiate with Andreas to adapt impression as a fundamental aspect of winning the hearts of others, considering that other than making a straight forwards response to the effect that it is not possible to provide the documents within a duration of two days, Andreas can adapt the Indian culture of making impression, by giving a response that will express good impression as well as accuracy. Similarly, Prasan can adapt to the accuracy culture of the Swedish, through incorporating the element of accuracy in the response. This can be achieved through Prasan and Andreas adapting the culture of ‘accurate-impression makingâ€℠¢ communication, which would give an answer like; â€Å"I will try to avail the documents in two days, although I am not sure about that, since I have more workload to address’. Such an answer will reflect both impression and accuracy, since Prasan will have made a good impression in indicating the willingness to avail the documents within the required two days, while expressing the accuracy of the difficulty existing in presenting the documents as indicated by Andreas. Therefore, through the combination of these two strengths that emanate

What does organizing mean Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What does organizing mean - Case Study Example The focus is on division, coordination, and control of tasks and the flow of information within the organization" (Erven 1994). Organizing allows the company to manage its resources and introduce effective management practices. Organizing function of management has a great impact on HRM (human resources management) and employee relations. Training is one of the tools used by Body Shop to improve skills and knowledge of employees. Body Shop proposes its employees eternal short courses, and further professional study in order to meet changing conditions and technological innovations. It motivates employees to pursue further education which helps employees to identify their career opportunities and goals. This training and learning is aimed at providing a blend of technical competence, social and human skills, and conceptual ability. This form of training is time and cost consuming. Following Hetman (1992), "managers must foster a culture of change in their departments. They must develop an environment in which workers expect but can cope with frequent and gradual changes in the way things get done and what is expected" (70). Body Shop organize its activities in order create a positive climate and corporate cu lture. Organizing function of management deals with delegation of authority and division of labor. In considering the limits of authority, an obvious limitation is that action conforms with the policies and programs of the company. In many cases, specific limitations are made (e.g. not to take on more staff without the approval of a superior). The reason why a subordinate accepts a superior's decision has been considered by many authorities. One line of thought is that there is an 'area of acceptance' wherein the subordinate is willing to accept the superior's instructions. In Body Shop, the main purpose of delegation is organize labor and introduce effective HR management. One employee cannot exercise all authority in making decisions as the company grows (Foss and Pedersen 2004). There is a limit to the number of persons that a manager can personally supervise. After this limit, the manager delegates authority to subordinates to make decisions. The work is delegated and the superior holds the subordinate accountable. The subordinate is responsible for doing the job; it is the superior's responsibility to see the job is done. "Delegation frees the manager from the tyranny of urgency. Delegation frees the manager to use his or her time on high priority activities" (Erven 1994). In Body Shop, it is upon this discretionary content that people feel the weight of responsibility and this is deemed measurable by finding the maximum period during which a person is relied upon to use his own judgment. The term 'time-span of discretion' therefore refers to the longest period that can pass before a superior makes an effective check on a person's work. Body Shop uses centralization and departmentalization of activities in order to provide effective management of HR. Body Shop groups in each organizational unit activities having a common purpose: sales department, accounting department, HR department, etc. The whole process is controlled by the problems that present themselves and the way the persons involved react to those problems, their value systems and their skills (Foss and Pedersen 2004). Because the concrete problems cannot be anticipated in any detail, and because they would in any event not present

Questions to Ask Before You Believe a Pol Essay Example for Free

Questions to Ask Before You Believe a Pol Essay Opinion polls and other sample surveys can produce accurate and useful information if the pollster uses good statistical techniques and also works hard at preparing a sampling frame, wording questions, and reducing nonresponse. Many surveys, however, especially those designed to influence public opinion rather than just record it, do not produce accurate or useful information. Here are some questions to ask before you pay much attention to poll results. †¢Who carried out the survey? Even a political party should hire a professional sample survey firm whose reputation demands that they follow good survey practices. †¢What was the population? That is, whose opinions were being sought? †¢How was the sample selected? Look for mention of random sampling. †¢How large was the sample? Even better, find out both the sample size and the margin of error within which the results of 95% of all samples drawn as this one was would fall. †¢What was the response rate? That is, what percent of the original subjects actually provided information? †¢How were the subjects contacted? By telephone? Mail? Face-to-face interview? †¢When was the survey conducted? Was it just after some event that might have influenced opinion? †¢What were the exact questions asked? Academic survey centers and government statistical offices answer these questions when they announce the results of a sample survey. National opinion polls usually don’t announce their response rate (which is often low) but do give us the other information. Editors and newscasters have the bad habit of cutting out these dull facts and reporting only the sample results. Many sample surveys by interest groups and local newspapers and TV stations don’t answer these questions because their polling methods are in fact unreliable. If a politician, an advertiser, or your local TV station announces the results of a poll without complete information, be skeptical. Even professional sample surveys don’t give exactly correct information about the population. There are many potential sources of error in sampling. The margin of error announced by a sample survey covers only random sampling error, the variation due to chance in choosing a random sample. Other types of error are in addition to the margin of error and can’t be directly measured. Sampling errors come from the act of choosing a sample. Random sampling error and undercoverage are common types of sampling error. Undercoverage occurs when some members of the population are left out of the sampling frame, the list from which the sample is actually chosen. The most serious errors in most careful surveys, however, are non-sampling errors. These have nothing to do with choosing a sample—they are present even in a census. The single biggest problem for sample surveys is nonresponse: subjects can’t be contacted or refuse to answer. Mistakes in handling the data (processing errors) and incorrect answers by respondents (response errors) are other examples of non-sampling errors.

Commensality Defines As Fellowship At Table Sociology Essay

Commensality Defines As Fellowship At Table Sociology Essay Commensality is eating with other people, and commensal eating patterns reflect the social relationships of individuals (1). According to Mennell et al., (1992), the relationship between food, eating, and society will be discussed in a range of ways that include commensality. Until recently, sociologists expressed relatively little interest in what we eat, how we prepare and consume food, how we feel about it and why. Paradoxically, when the relationship between food, eating and society is discussed, this is often in functionalist terms of commensality, that is, the social significance of living and eating together that is thought to lie at the heart of our sociality. Yet, from time to time, changes take place in the way our structures and interactions are perceived and prioritised. In addition, when children opened their lunch boxes, they displayed some of the opportunities and constraints of familial food choices. In effect, home was made visible. The data also illustrated that womens position in the domestic division of labour was intimately linked to the distribution of food, including that consumed at school. In interviews, parents explained that their influence over what went into the box was mediated by several factors which, together, were described in terms of eating compromises or bargains. The combination of (predominantly) mothers ideas about what was nutritionally balanced with their positioning of a snack meal as a stop-gap to the main meal event in the evening, was mediated not only by childrens food preferences but also by what was affordable and practically stored in a lunch box. Most people get married or spend time living with a partner at some stage in their lives. But what effect does this change have, if any, on their eating habits? The transition from bachelor or spinster to young couple represents a major lifecourse change and this paper looks at the role that eating together plays in the lives of a group of young Scottish couples recently married or cohabiting with their partner. The key question here is what role do meals play in all of this and how are eating activities arranged in these households. In an attempt to move the debate on meals beyond the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“traditional family unità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  it considers what eating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“properlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  meant for these couples. The paper looks at the importance of the evening meal as a site for sociability in married and cohabiting couples and examines the process of social interaction, focusing on temporal and spatial aspects of eating together as a couple. It reports on what men an d women said in individual interviews and recorded in personal food diaries, contrasting this with their behaviour when they were living separately from their partners (1) A study explained usual meal partners in commensal units and frequency of eating with others in commensal circles among 663 adults responding to a mailed questionnaire in one community. Meal partner data revealed that most respondents ate alone at breakfast, alone or with co-workers at lunch, and with family members at dinner. Commensal frequency data revealed some eating at the homes of other family members, little eating at friends homes, and almost no eating at neighbors homes. Few demographic variations existed in commensal eating, except that unmarried individuals more often ate breakfast and dinner alone and more often ate with friends. These finding suggest that contemporary work-oriented society may lead people to eat alone during the day but share evening meals with family, and that people maintain commensal relationships primarily with family members rather than friends or neighbors. Peoples social worlds appear to be focused on the nuclear family, and family members are al so the people they usually eat with (2). According to findings from a qualitative study of views and understandings of dietary practices in middle class families. Thirty five parents/main food providers of boys and girls aged 13/14 years, living in Eastern Scotland, were interviewed about their and their teenagers everyday lives, food, health and family practices. One of our aims was to understand more about the social and cultural conditions which might be promoting more positive dietary health and physical well-being amongst middle class families. Most parents accounts appeared rooted in a taken-for-grantedness that family members enjoyed good health, lived in relatively secure and unthreatening environments regarding health and resources, and were able to lead active lives, which they valued. Although controlling teenagers eating practices was presented as an ongoing challenge, active supervision and surveillance of their diets was described, as was guiding tastes in the right direction. Parents described attempts to ach ieve family eating practices such as commensality, cooking from scratch, and encouraging a varied and nutritional adult diet and cosmopolitan tastes, though work and activities could compromise these. These middle class families might be characterized as having future oriented hierarchies of luxury and choice, in which controlling and moulding teenagers food practices and tastes was assigned a high priority (3). As well as, Murcott (1988) has pointed out, public and fictional allegiance to the importance of shared meals persists, along with anxiety about their supposed decline. Together, anxiety about what, how, and with whom we eat has surfaced in relation to the health and physical well-being of adults and children and in cultural concerns about the disintegration of family life and values(4). The above mentioned studies illustrate that commensality in school can and does show a variety of formations. This applies also to understandings about parental choice and influence. At Fieldgate School, family influences were revealed more directly because children brought to school visible aspects of their home life, albeit contained in a school lunch box. Such influences were reinforced and thwarted by a variety of other factors, including peer group influence, but overall, parental choice was considered paramount. It should be the responsibility of both home and school, both really. I mean we need food to grow so that should be an educational thing and also put into practice at home via the parents. Food needs to be taught properly. As well as, the experience of becoming the provider of their own food changes the students food behaviors and representations. Diet quality, patterns of commensality and social representations of food provide input for developing healthy diet care and health promotion (5). According to ALLEN et al., (1970) the strongest relations occurred among the nutrition factors and family commensality was the most influential. The degree of family commensality was related not only to increase in food likes and dietary adequacy but also to health and academic performance. Food likes and diet adequacy were both correlated with academic skills, work rating, expectation of success and college preparation. Conclusion: Sharing meals together, both in terms of common understandings about their construction and the social rules which govern behaviour, is thought to be the very essence of sociality. The individualisation of our eating habits, it is claimed, means that both meals, and by implication, critical aspects of our sociality are disappearing (Burnett, 1989). In response, education has been advocated as a mechanism to halt a trend which is thought to threaten our health, our family life, and our sense of social cohesion. Set at the interface between home and school, the above mentioned papers have explored commensality at home and school, and has considered the overlap between the two, using data which prioritise the views of parents and, to a lesser extent children, rather than the perspectives of educationalists, nutritionists, or teachers. Advocates of nutritional improvement in childrens diets have stressed the importance of a school meals service. The discussion of eating provision in scho ol highlights the complex issues underpinning this assertion, not only in terms of nutritional impact but also in relation to the sociality of eating and the cross-cutting effects of institutional practice, socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage (discussed also by Dobson et al., 1994), and cultural preference. As we discussed in the above sections, the strongest relations occurred among the nutrition factors and family commensality was the most influential. The degree of family commensality was related not only to increase in food likes and dietary adequacy but also to health and academic performance. Food likes and diet adequacy were both correlated with academic skills, work rating, expectation of success and college preparation. 1. Marshall DW, Anderson AS. Proper meals in transition: young married couples on the nature of eating together. Appetite2002 Dec;39(3):193-206. 2. Sobal J, Nelson MK. Commensal eating patterns: a community study. Appetite2003 Oct;41(2):181-90. 3. Backett-Milburn KC, Wills WJ, Roberts ML, Lawton J. Food, eating and taste: parents perspectives on the making of the middle class teenager. Soc Sci Med Oct;71(7):1316-23. 4. Murcott A. Sociological and social anthropological approaches to food and eating. World Rev Nutr Diet1988;55:1-40. 5. Alves HJ, Boog MC. [Food behavior in student residence halls: a setting for health promotion]. Rev Saude Publica2007 Apr;41(2):197-204.

The Somewhat Scary Progression of Technology :: Computers

The Somewhat Scary Progression of Technology Technology has carved the path of human existence since our humble origins. It is our curious nature and ever present ingenuity that leads us to create technological wonders of perplexing magnitude. As the first Neanderthal man sharpened a spear and tempered it in lightning born flames he sealed man-kinds future; a future as certain as our past. The pendulum of human dominance started its undulation and science was conceived to replace the ignorance of our times of yore. With our undying fortitude our achievements soared to the sky within heavens reach, surpassing even our own expectations. Although, with this progress also came the burdens of responsibility, and our technology soon outreached the length of our control. Controlled or not, technology has shaped our fate in ways that are unfathomable by the human mind. The future of technology is difficult to foretell, and can only be prophesized by the study of our past. Technology as it exists in current times has taken the digital for. With a matrix of binary number systems; computers process information at speeds mystifying the more appreciative of our race. Our innocence and simple life style has been traded for the raw technology that subsidizes our every day existence. The evolution of technology has spurred the loss of culturally identifying characteristics of our society. Par example, labor has become less skilled and more monotonous in structure. The development of computers destroyed many talented workers who created superior goods with a level of quality unmatched by computerized mass production. Also, technology has lead to the ignorance of much of our youth. Video games have prevented scores of people from experiencing life and its awesomeness. They use false fantasy worlds created in the minds on game designers to replace their scanty reality. This spawns drab people without the necessary experiences to live life. With the advent of technology also came mankind’s loss of privacy. There are many things that the masses do every day that are being recorded and analyzed without our knowledge or consent. The purchases you make, such as beer, are recorded by servers to analyze the effects companies marketing strategy is having on your subconscious (cnn.

Free Essays on Invisible Man: Invisibility :: Invisible Man Essays

Invisibility in Invisible Man Invisibility is usually taken to the extreme effect of truly being transparent, unseen by anyone and is often depicted in society as the hero, going behind the enemy's back to complete his mission. In Ralph Ellison's The Invisible Man this view of invisibility is turned around so that a man is in plain sight of everyone but do to a lack of observation nobody recognizes what he accomplishes. After beginning the novel as a man who stays quietly out of the way by doing what he is told, he is forced to leave and mold his "power" into another use. This change puts him now into a position into which he most relates to societies concept of invisibility, one who fights for fairer rights with still no one taking notice of him. Our nameless hero takes us on a journey that extends both concepts of an invisible pacifist and aggressor. The first "form" of our main character that we see is an anxious college student who only wishes to please his superiors and do as they ask. Seemingly the perfect student, an incident occurs with a College Board member and involves the passive use of our narrator's invisibility which infuriates the school's principal. The disagreement that followed included this statement " Power doesn't have to show off. Power is confident, self-assuring, self-starting and self-stopping, self-warming and self-justifying. When you have it you know it" which is stated by the school's Principal Dr. Bledsoe (Ellison 143). The first portion of the quote is Bledoe's idea of invisibility and what the narrator will eventually learn which is that having power and invisibility can coincide with each other. The continuation of the quote just continues to further extend on how one can be "invisible" and successful as long as they have these basic ideas like self-assurance and self-justification. This di scussion with Bledsoe opens the narrator's eyes to the real world and shows that being right doesn't mean you have power and without power you are nobody and remain invisible. A changing point in the main character's eyes occurs when his moral uprightness takes a turn and he sees that in order to succeed you may need to give up morals for support. After making an impassioned speech in front of a crowd, he is offered a job by communists to do the same for them but turns it down.

Deontological Ethics and Emanuel Kant Essay

Describe Kant’s theory of Duty as the basis of morality (33 marks). Emanuel Kant was a German Philosopher who lived in the late 18th century and was arguably one of the greatest thinkers of all time. He came up with a guide to morals in direct opposition to teontological or consequential theories. Many people use his ethics as a guide to living a moral life, but what exactly is Kant’s ethics? How did he believe we should face moral problems and how can we apply it in our every day lives? Instead of situation based theories his theory was deontological ethics. This is a very absolute and objective form of ethics, which has been worked out using a rational thinking process. Kant believed that an ethical theory should be universalisable to be morally correct. This means it must be able to be applied to everyone all over the world regardless of situations or circumstances. Kant believed for this to be possible it must contain something that was ‘unconditionally and universally good’. This must me something that is ‘intrinsically good’ which is good in itself, the highest good ‘without qualification’. This thing that determines the moral worth of our actions cannot be instrumentally good, something that only becomes good pending the results of the action or like some things such as happiness, which are possible of making a situation morally worse. Kant believed that there was only one thing that is the right thing for us to do in any situation to make us morally correct. He said that ‘a morally good man is a man of good will’. Kant said that it was ‘impossible to conceive anything in the world as good without qualification, except good will’. For something to be of good will, it is not dependent on the goodness of what it effects or accomplishes. If it were, then it could not be considered to be of unconditional value and intrinsic goodness for it would become a ‘means to an end not an end in itself’. This leads us to therefore conclude that the consequences of any moral action are irrelevant. Kant describes the most important thing as being ‘not what the act accomplishes but the motive behind the act’ (Moral Problems – M Palmer). However we may ask what exactly is the right motive to have? Kant simply states that ‘ a good wills only motive is to act for the sake of duty’. For an act to be universally, intrinsically good in itself, it must not be done because of its consequences, nor from self-interest, fear or as a means to an end, rather only because it is our soul duty to do it. We should always act for duties sake simply because it is the right thing to do. We need to be very clear as to what this specifically entails. Kant is saying that we can not do a moral act because of self-interest. This is understandable because if we are doing it merely because we get something good out of it i.e. a reward or a good name then we are not doing it because we simply know it is the right thing to do. However we also need to be aware that this also includes the idea that we can not do a moral act because it comes naturally to us. We cannot do it because we derive pleasure or enjoyment from doing something we know is right or because we will feel good about ourselves if we help other people. This is because we are doing it indirectly for self-pleasure and this again is wrong, it does not include the presence of good will. Even if duty does coincides with what we naturally do, it does not make the act intrinsically good because we are doing it for another reason besides doing it because we know it is our duty to do so. The fact that we happen to be doing what duty prescribes is just luck. It is wrong because the moment anything that duty says we should do becomes something we no longer enjoy, we won’t do it. We cannot be for example honest as long as it pleases us to do so. Kant therefore concludes that ‘this will fails to be good will, just as if they had acted from self-interest. So far Kant has told us that a morally good person is a ‘man of good will’ and that a man of good will is one that follows where his duty lies. This is done for the very reason that it is the right thing to do and we have a responsibility to do it. It does not come from self-interest, calculating consequences, looking at specific circumstances or from pleasure out of doing something for someone else. However we still need to know ‘where our duty lies’ and what it is exactly that we are supposed to do to become man of good will who does what duty foretells him to do. We can be sure however that because it is a deontological argument, that we have an absolute principle to follow that does not look at consequences of particular actions or changes in certain situations. It is absolute and definite and we can be sure that there are no exceptions to the rule. We also know that it has to be universably applicable ‘to everyone irrespective of their situation’ (M Palmer – Moral Problems). It therefore must contain something that all humans have in common so we can all know where our duty lies in different situations and Kant believed that this was Reason or rationality. He said that humans are rational beings, we are all capable of resolving problems using reason. We all have an innate intellectual power that we are born with which we can use to work out rationally where our duty lies. Kant believed that it was unacceptable to look at consequences of a particular action and then decide if we should do it or not because there is not enough evidence for us to make a proper decision from. Rather we need to look at the actual experience of moral obligation and this is the feeling of what we think we ‘ought to do’. Following what our duty prescribes involves the idea that what we feel we ‘ought’ to do is what is right. We should all have a feeling of moral obligation; we all know the good and right thing to do so therefore we should do it. Therefore our duty becomes to obey our rational thinking which prescribes what the morally correct thing we ought to do is. However, we still have not established what the ‘supreme principle of morality is’. This one rule that we all must follow as a means to our rational thinking is something which Kant calls the categorical imperative. By imperative we mean something that tells us what actions would be good in the form of a command, usually using the words ‘I ought’. A categorical imperative therefore is an act that is solely good in itself or intrinsically good. The act is done because of the very ‘nature’ of the act itself and not to achieve something else as a means to it. It is done only ‘for its own sake’ and is free from ulterior beneficial motives. On the other hand we have hypothetical imperatives as an opposite. These acts are done because of a desire to achieve something else. For example if I exercise more I will become fitter. It tells us what acts are good as a means to something else. Palmer uses the example of telling the truth to illustrate the difference between the two. A categorical imperative would be ‘tell the truth’ because it is good in itself and always is the right thing to do. The hypothetical imperative would be ‘if you want to be trusted, tell the truth’ because we are gaining something for ourselves by doing the right thing i.e. we are trusted. Once we know the distinctive feature of the principle of morality, we can analyse it more deeply so we can specifically know exactly what it is that defines a moral act as being good. Kant said that a morally good act had intrinsic value. This is where something is good and valuable in itself. The very nature of them makes them valuable regardless of anything else. For example Kant believed that Humans were of intrinsic value and therefore should be treated as an ‘end in themselves’. The opposite to this is therefore is instrumental valuable which is when something is good only because of what it can achieve and therefore is treated as a ‘means to an end’. Kant said this is not how we should treat other human’s i.e. to use them to gain something for ourselves. He is saying that all humans should be treated equally and the same, we should treat everyone as we would treat ourselves. So for example, racism would always be wrong in the eyes of Kant. This links to the Christian idea of the Golden rule to ‘love thy neighbour as thyself’ which Jesus, the ultimate example of human goodness, instructed his people to follow. The final and key feature that Kant placed emphasis on when concerning the categorical imperative was the acts ability to be universalisable. A key quote he used was ‘ I ought never to act in such a way that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal law’. By this he is implying a method we can use to see exactly what laws are good because they have ‘moral worth’. Kant stated that if the law can be applied to everyone in the world without being contradicted then it is good. For example we can universalise the maxim ‘do not murder’ to all of society regardless of any situation without there being contradictions. By contradiction, Kant means one of two things, Contradiction in the Will or Nature. If we cannot universalise an act because of either one of these contradictions then we must conclude that it is morally wrong. By contradiction in the law of nature, Kant is referring to rules that cannot be applied because they are ‘straightforwardly self contradictory’ – (M Palmer – Moral Problems). The maxim or rule can not be applied universally because it contradicts the laws of nature meaning it physically is impossible to do. For example the maxim ‘never speak until you are spoken to first’ is not possible to keep because if everyone applied it then no one would talk at all because we would always be waiting to be spoken to. From this we can see that following this maxim would not be the good thing to do. The Contradiction in the will is not when something contridicts itself, rather a maxim that the person involved ‘could not possibly want to see universalised’ (Palmer). We may find that if it was applied universally we could be in the situation where we would not want everyone to apply it because it would help us if they didn’t. For example the maxim ‘do not give money to the poor’ because we may find ourselves one day, through no fault of our own, poor and homeless and then we would want people to give money to us to help us survive. Kant gave one simple rule to following universalisabiltiy and this was ‘ Act only on a maxim through which you can at the same time will that it be a universal law’. With this he prescribed a formula which we can all follow to see if a maxim is universalisable. Before acting we have to ask what rule we would be following if we carried out this act and this is the maxim. Then we are to ask ourselves if it was possible and would we would be willing for it to be followed by everyone at all times in all places. If it cannot then it is a contradiction in either the law of nature or in the will. Then quite simply, if it can be universalised do it, if not then don’t. In conclusion we can see that to follow Kants deontological ethics we must ‘act solely in accordance to duty and for the sake of duty only’ (Palmer – Moral Problems). It has been a very popular theory, which many people follow, sometimes without being aware of it. However we do need to ask is it of practical use in out lives today? Can we honestly say that it is useful, practical and realistic when making moral decisions? In my next section I shall be looking at these questions in a little more depth to see if we can logically come up with an answer.

Motivation Essay Essay

Civil Engineering is my passion and a very important part of my life. From the very beginning of my school life I was intrigued in various types of structures and its complication from engineering side. In time this desire was growing and I start being interested in construction processes and especially in different structural solutions. My mind was overfilled with questions such as how process of construction design runs, what are the reasons why some of structures sustain more loads while other ones collapse affected with lower loads. So I dedicated my post-secondary education to search the answers which allows me to understand how the engineering science works. And I made the right decision by choosing Civil Engineering studies. It was a key which unlocked the right doors to get the answers that I needed. During my Bachelor studies I was interested in design branch and especially in Structural Design. It has admired me because of its complication and oneness. None of the other sphere requires such a wide range of knowledge and none of them is as universal engineering specialization as the Structural Design is. Furthermore, Structural Design studies in TU/e provide the possibility to do research project what is a chance to explore and gain understanding in the structural design of structures and the aspects of the design process. Due to these reasons I would like to take the Architecture, Building and Planning programme because one of its specializations is Structural Design. After taking decision that it is time to continue my education I started exploration of Western Europe universities and I found out that TU/e is the best option to fulfill my needs. TU/e is a great choice because of its objective to grow up creative, initiative and independent thinking experts. Furthermore, this university cooperates with international companies and universities and can offer many MSc programm es in English what demonstrates that TU/e is oriented towards exchanging international knowledge and experience. The other aspect I chose TU/e is its worldwide reputation and ranking among world’s top technical universities. This fact enthuse me and it would be such an honour to study in one of the best Technical universities in the world and get lots of knowledge from authoritative and meritorious professors. Furthermore, TU/e is well known because of its research institutes and that students are taking responsibility of impressive projects. Young engineers have a chance to express their creativity and innovation. I believe that opportunity to  participate in educational life of such an outstanding university is an ambition of all engineers. In conclusion, the facts such as great rankings among the world’s best technical universities, high level professors and leading position in research inspired me to take MSc programme in TU/e. I have no doubts I made the right decision. The master’s studies of chosen programme are the best way to seek the goals of my career. I believe in it due to the circumstance that there are a lot of educated but not enough experienced engineers in Lithuania. So only the best of them are able to compete for the most sought-after and perspective positions. Whereas I am ambitious person I want to become one of the most professional, desirable and promising engineer for engineering companies. So I would like to continue purposeful studies and to advance knowledge of my previous degree what could help me to perform in more professional way. Considering my personal features such as a strong will to learn and activity on taking participation in diverse educational projects I daresay that I will be adorable student for your university and your professors. Furthermore, I believe that I and these master’s studies we are great match due to the feature of my character that I cannot face up with myself when I have unsolved problems and the attribute of these studies to be challenging. This feature of my character shows that I will be persistent and committed student. With a foundation of academic knowledge and experience I gained during the years of my bachelor studies, I believe I am qualified for the Master’s degree of Architecture, Building and Planning, specialization Structural Engineering. I am convinced that TU/e will provide me with knowledge, experience and confidence for the future. I think that this programme matches perfectly with my academic expectations and offers the best way to make my goals come true.

What Is the Immigrants American Dream?

?NANA YAA DWUMAAH ENG 102 B PROPOSAL What Is The Immigrants American Dream? If one is asked the future of this country, it is going to be a long debate and an unending talk about the failures and achievements of America. This is because different people see the same subject in different light. The phrase â€Å"American Dream† has made thousands of people leave their native country boldly in search of all that they deem impossible in their country to be possible here. This is why when asked, what the future of this country holds for its people, it will leave the people divided. Dr. Martin Luther King best defines the American dream when he exquisitely explains the Declaration of Independence. He highlights the fact that the American dream is not for a specific race or religion and that all its benefits, that is a right to life and right to liberty includes all mankind. These majestic words within which lies the American dream is what people everywhere search for in their country. They thirst for this dream, making the American dream a dream for all mankind and not only its natives. This is why America is country of people from so many racial and national backgrounds in search of a dream. Whereas Americans do not see how far this country has come, it takes only the immigrants to have them truly value their country. Being an American, yet growing up in Africa makes this issue very interesting since I can relate to both sides. The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the second sentence of the Declaration of Independence which states that â€Å"all men are created equal†. This statement is also backed by James Truslow Adams interpretation of the American Dream which states that, citizens of every rank should be able to achieve a â€Å"better, richer, and happier life. † Hence there are no exceptions to who can and cannot pursue the American dream. In the American dream, Dr. Martin Luther King states, â€Å"Never before in history of the world have so many national backgrounds assembled together in one nation. And somehow if we can’t solve the problem in America the world can’t solve the problem, because America is the world in miniature and the world is America writ large. And God set us out with all of the opportunities. † He then further states, â€Å"Are we taking this seriously? ‘All men are created equal. ’† (Juchartz 105). This is what I also question. This dream, I feel has been misinterpreted by immigrants, or better still immigrants have been lured at the forefront to hold on to this dream because it states â€Å"All men are created equal,† and perceive themselves as equal citizens of America. In reality, there are so many barriers rooted in the American system including racism, strict immigration laws that have prevented immigrants from sharing in this dream. It should be taken into account that if an individual is not a citizen he or she cannot benefit from what the country has to offer. Though the dream includes all men, race and religion, immigrants or the person outside the white American mainstream are perceived as threats to empire building and remain outsiders. This is what I mean when I retort that, the dream has been misinterpreted across various levels of people in America. I believe that the upper class and the lower class do not have the same benefits from this dream, but have similar notions of what it should be, equality for everyone. Even though some immigrants might have managed to make a better life out of this dream some immigrants living in this country can barely make ends meet just because the American dream no longer provide a hope for a better, richer and happier life. In today terms it is just about living in a western country and experiencing perhaps modernity. It beats my imagination when I think about the forces that drive immigrants to leave their native country in search of this dream sometimes risking their lives, leaving loved ones behind irrespective of the difficulties ahead. Maybe it is just to pursue a better education like myself or to earn money.